First, let’s all recognize that Earth’s climate has been changing back and forth from warmer to cooler ever since our planet first developed a primordial atmosphere about 4 billion years ago.

Ice Ages have covered the Northern Hemisphere four times over the past 400 thousand years, each lasting about 90,000 years, separated by relatively brief “interglacial periods” like expected for our current one that began about 12,000 years ago.

The Northern Hemisphere was as warm or warmer than now about 2,000 years ago during the “Roman Warm Period” when Italians wore fashionably cool sandals and togas, and again even more recently about a thousand years ago when Nordic Viking Erik the Red founded the first European settlement in Greenland where they raised sheep and goats on coastal grasslands for about 400 years until temperatures became too cold again, and they left.

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